Treatment and Diet

Management and treatment

Treatment and Diet

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Relief Artificial tears-preservative-free; lipid-containing if MGD present: [40, 43]

  • To replace or enhance the tear film, select a formulation with the appropriate viscosity and lipid content based on the individual's needs, and avoid preservatives for patients requiring frequent use.
  • This treatment is suitable for those with mild to moderate dry eye disease (DED) who experience frequent symptoms.
  • For mild or transient cases of DED, recommended options include sodium hyaluronate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • In more severe cases, a combination of agents may be beneficial, such as sodium hyaluronate combined with CMC. Additionally, ingredients like trehalose, betaine, glycine, allantoin, ectoine, phospholipids, and artificial tears can help support the ocular surface.

Your pharmacist can:

  • Explain the different types of artificial tears and which is best for your symptoms
  • Recommend a preservative-free or lipid-based brand suited for your needs
  • Advise how often to use drops safely
  • Suggest when to see your eye doctor if symptoms don’t improve

B- Dietary advice/supplementation: [40, 44, 45]

  • Adjunct to improve meibum composition; counsel on variability of evidence.
  • It is used for MGD patients or those seeking adjunctive therapy.
  • Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids include fatty fish, such as salmon, sardines, and mackerel, as well as flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. They are best taken with meals, especially lunch.
  • Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, antioxidants that protect the eyes from damage and improve overall eye health.
  • Vitamin A is essential for maintaining a healthy tear film. Foods rich in vitamin A include carrots, sweet potatoes, and bell peppers. They are best taken with meals, especially lunch.
  • Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruits, are rich in vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that helps reduce inflammation in the eyes and supports healthy tear production. They are taken at any time, but preferably in the morning or midday.
  • Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds are rich in vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients work together to protect the eyes from oxidative stress and support the production of tears. They are best taken with meals, especially lunch.
  • Avoid processed foods since they often contain high levels of unhealthy fats, sugar, and salt, which can contribute to inflammation and exacerbate dry eye symptoms. [46]